What is Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR)

Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is not a traditional talk-therapy like most other psychotherapies.


EMDR is a psychotherapy that enables people to heal from the symptoms and emotional distress that are the result of disturbing life experiences. It is widely assumed that severe emotional pain requires a long time to heal. EMDR therapy shows that the mind can in fact heal from psychological trauma much as the body recovers from physical trauma.


What is the theoretical basis for EMDR therapy?

Unprocessed memories and feelings are stored in the limbic system of the brain and can be triggered when experiencing events similar to the difficult experiences an individual has gone through. The memory itself is often forgotten but the painful feelings such as panic, anger despair and anxiety are being triggered in the present time. EMDR helps to create connections between the brain’s memory networks enabling the brain to process a painful memory in a natural way.

How?

When you cut your hand, your body works to close the wound. If a foreign object or repeated injury irritates the wound, it festers and causes pain. Once the block is removed, healing resumes. EMDR therapy demonstrates that a similar sequence of events occurs with mental processes. The brain’s information processing system naturally moves toward mental health. If the system is blocked or imbalanced by the impact of a disturbing event, the emotional wound festers and can cause intense suffering. Once the block is removed, healing resumes. Using the detailed protocols and procedures learned in EMDR training sessions, clinicians help clients activate their natural healing processes.


What can I expect with EMDR therapy, i.e., what should/could happen?

Each person is different, but there is a standard eight-phase approach that each clinician should follow. This includes taking a complete history, preparing the client, identifying targets and their components, actively processing the past, present and future aspects, and on-going evaluation.

The processing of a target includes the use of dual stimulation (eye movements, taps, tones) while the client concentrates on various aspects. After each set of movements, the client briefly describes to the clinician what s/he experienced.

At the end of each session, the client should use the techniques s/he has been taught by the clinician in order to leave the session feeling in control and empowered. At the end of EMDR therapy, previously disturbing memories and present situations should no longer be problematic, and new healthy responses should be the norm.

A full description of multiple cases is available in the book Past Your Past: Take Control of Your Life with Self-Help Techniques from EMDR Therapy by Shapiro.


EMDR FAQs and Information

Is EMDR therapy an efficacious treatment for PTSD?

EMDR therapy is recognized as effective trauma treatment and recommended worldwide in the practice guidelines of both domestic and international organisations.

Is EMDR therapy effective in the treatment of phobias, panic disorder, or agoraphobia?

Yes, I sometimes prefer to treat phobias with EMDR because it requires less equipment, takes less time, and is easier to do when the phobia involves something difficult to generate in the therapy room, like an aeroplane flight, a public speaking engagement, or a large animal. In therapy, I will ask you to identify the first time you had an encounter with the phobic object or situation, as well as the worst time, and the most recent time. You will work through each of these situations, and an imagined situation in which you encounter it in the future. After this, you will be given an opportunity to test the resolution by engaging with the phobic object outside of the session to ensure that your phobia is resolved.

Is EMDR therapy a one-session cure?

No. Two studies (Lee, Gavriel, Drummond, Richards, & Greenwald, 2002; Rothbaum, 1997) have indicated an elimination of diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 83-90% of civilian participants after four to seven sessions. Other studies using participants with PTSD (e.g. Ironson, Freund, Strauss, & Williams, 2002; Scheck, Schaeffer, & Gillette, 1998; S. A. Wilson, Becker, & Tinker, 1995) have found significant decreases in a wide range of symptoms after three-four sessions. The only randomized study (Carlson, Chemtob, Rusnak, Hedlund, & Muraoka, 1998) of combat veterans to address the multiple traumas of this population reported that 12 sessions of treatment resulted in a 77% elimination of PTSD. Clients with multiple traumas and/or complex histories of childhood abuse, neglect, and poor attachment may require more extensive therapy, including substantial preparatory work in phase two of EMDR (Korn & Leeds, 2002; Maxfield & Hyer, 2002; Shapiro, 2001, 2018).

How many EMDR sessions will it take to get results?

The type of problem, severity and amount of trauma, and life circumstances are factors that may affect how many treatment sessions would be required. In my practice, clients may choose to use only EMDR as a primary source of treatment, or to integrate EMDR into their regular sessions of talk therapy.

Would you like to learn about the 8 Phases of EMDR Therapy?

Healing is not an act, not something to be done, but a state to be entered into. It is a subtle dance between the mind and the body, a process of allowing the forces within us to come into alignment. We are constantly in flux, moving from past to present, from sorrow to joy, from brokenness to wholeness. And yet, how often we fight this natural flow, clinging to our pain, resisting the very process that could bring us peace.


EMDR—Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing—is not a cure in the traditional sense. It is not about eradicating something that is broken. Rather, it is about creating the conditions where healing can naturally take place. You see, the body and mind are not separate, they are one. When the mind is at ease, the body follows, and vice versa. EMDR is a process that allows this deep, symbiotic connection to come to the surface.


Let us begin with the History & Treatment Planning phase. This is not just about gathering information, it is about understanding the story—the narrative we’ve told ourselves for so long. Each of us carries a story, sometimes clear, sometimes blurry, but always powerful. It shapes how we see the world and how we see ourselves. The therapist in EMDR does not seek to rewrite this story but to help you see it with new eyes, eyes that are no longer clouded by fear or shame. The past is not something to escape; it is simply something to understand, to allow to dissolve in the light of awareness.


Then comes Preparation for Processing, which is a beautiful invitation to relax into the experience. You must first learn to let go of the need to control, to feel that you must always be in charge. This phase is about teaching you to surrender—not to others, but to your own inner wisdom. It is about trusting that you know how to heal, even if you don't have all the answers right now.


The Assessment phase follows. Here, you begin to identify the moments that still carry weight, the memories that have not yet been fully processed. But understand this: there is no rush. You don’t need to fix anything, you just need to bring awareness to what is. In this moment of recognition, you begin to understand the roots of your distress. And as soon as you see the root, you are already halfway to freedom.


Then, in the Desensitization phase, the real magic happens. The trauma, the fear, the anxiety, it begins to loosen. But how? Not through force, not through pushing. It is through gentle, rhythmic movement—like a soft wind that gradually changes the shape of a tree. With each movement, you release a little more of the hold the trauma has over you. It is as though you are not erasing the past, but simply allowing it to become distant, to lose its power over your present self.


Next, we move into Installation—the installation of new beliefs. But do not mistake this for mere positive thinking. It is not about replacing one thought with another; it is about creating space for something new to grow. Positive beliefs do not enter into a vacuum—they are planted in the soil of your experience, watered by the wisdom of your heart. This is not intellectual, it is a deep knowing that comes when you stop resisting and simply let things be as they are.


The Body Scan phase is perhaps the most subtle, yet most profound. Here, you are invited to reconnect with your body, to notice where the tension still resides. It is through this body awareness that you truly begin to release what has been stored, hidden, held tight. In this phase, you are not trying to force anything. You are simply becoming present with the body, allowing it to tell you where it still holds on to the past. With every gentle release, you move closer to total freedom.


In Closure, we return to calm. We pause, reflect, and integrate. We acknowledge that healing is a process, not an event. It is the art of returning to a state of balance, a state of wholeness, over and over again. Every step of the way is an invitation to be kind to yourself, to allow healing to unfold without resistance.


And finally, Re-Evaluation. This is not an end but a new beginning. As you reflect on the work you have done, you may find that new memories emerge, new emotions arise. This is the beauty of life—the journey is never complete. But with each step, you move closer to your true self, to the essence of who you are beyond all the stories you have told yourself.


EMDR is not a method of curing. It is a method of allowing. Allow yourself to heal, not through effort, but through surrender. When you cease fighting, when you stop running from the past, healing will find you. It is already within you, waiting for you to notice, waiting for you to let go.


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